Targeting Biofilms in Translational Research, Device Development, and Industrial Sectors by Dustin L. Williams

Author:Dustin L. Williams
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9783030306670
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Shockwave Treatment, Electromagnetic Fields, and Electrical Stimulation

Laser and ultrasound-generated shockwave treatment can use mechanical energy to breakup biofilms via disruption of bacterial adhesion. The disrupted biofilm then enables greater exposure of microbes to antibiotic treatments. Kizhner et al. found that around 98% of P. aeruginosa biofilms on metallic and plastic medical device surfaces could be removed with between 4 and 10 seconds of laser application. Laser-generated shockwaves were able to break up the biofilm layer into planktonic bacteria amenable to conventional treatment with antibiotics [77]. Similarly, in vivo studies examining 24 hours of continuous ultrasound treatment combined with administration of gentamicin acting on established E. coli biofilms demonstrated a significant reduction in viable bacteria [78].

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) application to bacterial biofilms has also demonstrated antibiofilm effects in vitro and has been found to augment antibiotic treatment efficacy. Pickering et al. applied PEMF to stainless steel pegs infected with biofilms of S. epidermis in combination with gentamicin. They reported a 50% reduction in the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration needed for gentamicin and significant efficacy augmentation after PEMF application [79].

Electrical stimulation of orthopedic implant surfaces also holds promise as a method of biofilm disruption. Ercan et al. anodized and charged nanotubular titanium using15–30 volts of electrical stimulation. They found that S. aureus biofilm formation significantly decreased secondary to the formation of fluorine on the surfaces of the anodized titanium [80]. Likewise, electrical polarization of bioceramic hydroxyapatite resulted in a marked reduction in adhesion and proliferation of S. aureus and E. coli on the positively charged surface [81].

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