Survival of the Friendliest by Brian Hare & Vanessa Woods

Author:Brian Hare & Vanessa Woods [Hare, Brian & Woods, Vanessa]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Random House Publishing Group
Published: 2020-07-14T00:00:00+00:00

Then he asked them whether the lines on the right card were shorter or longer than the line on the left card. Nine of the ten people worked for Asch, and all of his employees gave the same wrong answer. The question was what the tenth person, hearing their responses and unaware of the purpose of the experiment, would do. If they chose the correct answer, they had to disagree with the majority of people in the room. Asch found that 75 percent of the time, people sided with the incorrect majority opinion.44

Almost a decade later, Stanley Milgram, a student of both Allport and Asch, became fascinated with the trial of Adolf Eichmann, the Nazi who had organized the transport of millions of Jews to their death in concentration camps. Milgram noted that a journalist who had attended Eichmann’s trial described him as an “uninspired bureaucrat who simply sat at his desk and did his job.”45 This led Milgram to perform his famous experiments testing the limits of our desire to be obedient to authority.

The picture seemed complete. While cultures of racism, moral systems, education, and economics all have a critical role in shaping group behavior, it was prejudice, conformity, and obedience to authority that became the dominant psychological explanation for the horrors of World War II. But the worst human weakness was missing from the analysis.

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