North Pacific Temperate Rainforests by Orians Gordon;Schoen John;

Author:Orians, Gordon;Schoen, John;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: University of Washington Press
Published: 2016-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

b.

The properties or processes that confer an ability to persist or adapt differ for populations, communities, or ecosystems, i.e., they vary for the levels of the ecological hierarchy. For most ecological systems we do not know exactly what these properties or processes are, but we generally recognize key processes such as keystone predation or structural characteristics facilitating recovery from disturbance, such as biological legacies (e.g., Lindenmayer and Franklin 2002).

c.

The three levels (population, community, ecosystem) really do constitute a hierarchy: there are feedbacks among them, and integrity at one level can be contingent on integrity at the others. For instance, if an exotic plant species invades a community and displaces a substantial component of the native flora, the system as a whole can be considered to have suffered a loss of integrity even though summary measures at a higher order, such as primary productivity, may not decline.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.