McGraw-Hill's 500 Psychology Questions: Ace Your College Exams by Kate C. Ledwith

Author:Kate C. Ledwith
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Published: 2012-07-14T16:00:00+00:00

Chapter 2: Sensation and Perception

43. (B) The absolute threshold describes the smallest amount of a substance needed to be detected. Choice (C) is an attempt at the absolute threshold of salt but is incorrect. The difference threshold (A) describes the smallest amount of change needed for detection of the change. Choice (D) can be eliminated as it is not a term used in the sensory arena. Sensory threshold (E) is a broader term that encompasses both (A) and (B).

44. (A) The two notches describe the difference threshold, as Caryn could not hear the music after a one-notch change, but she could hear the music after a two-notch change. The absolute threshold (B) describes the amount, or in this case volume, of music needed to hear anything. Sensory threshold (D) is a term that includes both difference and absolute thresholds. Choices (C) and (E) are not sensory-related terms.

45. (B) Weber’s law allows for comparison of sense sensitivities despite the different units of measurement. Fechner’s law (A) is another law of sensation but does not compare sensations; it describes the strength of the sensation as being proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity. Frequency theory (C) relates to the sense of sound. Choices (D) and (E) describe other concepts involving sensation and perception.

46. (C) Pressure, temperature, and pain are considered skin senses. The skin is the largest organ of the body and contains nerve endings that sense pressure, temperature, and pain. Skin senses are related to the sense of touch (D), but “touch senses” is not proper terminology. The other choices (A, B, and E) refer to other senses.

47. (B) Olfaction is another way to refer to the sense of smell. Glomeruli (A) are substances involved in the initial processing of scents. An odorant (C) is a substance with a smell. Anosmia (D) refers to a condition when someone has lost his or her sense of smell. Pheromones (E) are naturally occurring odorants that send signals to other organisms.

48. (E) Umami is the taste of savory and is associated with foods such as some meats, cheeses, and vegetables. The word is of Japanese origin. The other choices, sweet (A), salty (B), bitter (C), and sour (D), may at times be associated with the foods mentioned, but they are not mainly associated with these foods. Additionally, the description of savory does not fit the other choices.

49. (B) Taste buds are located in the papillae on the tongue. Receptor cells (A) are located on the taste buds and respond when they come in contact with tastants (D). Saliva (E) helps to dissolve tastants. Molecules (C) can be eliminated, as it is a general term.

50. (A) Sound waves are created by molecule movement in the environment (sometimes playing an instrument) that travels to the outer ear. The other choices are also related to sound but are not described in the question.

51. (B) A hertz is the unit of measurement that describes the frequency of sound waves in cycles per second. Decibels (D) are the units of measure that describe loudness.

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