Introduction to Applied Bioinformatics by Educohack Press

Author:Educohack Press
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Educohack Press
Published: 2023-10-12T00:00:00+00:00

The quantification of mRNA by DNA microarrays or SAGE provides important infor- mation about potential cellular functions of gene products. Measuring mRNA alone, however, is not sufficient to completely and precisely describe complex biological sys- tems. Ultimately, cellular activities like metabolic processes are mediated by proteins of the proteome and not by genes of the genome or mRNA of the transcriptome. Analogous to the DNA microarray technology, therefore, high-throughput procedures have been developed for the parallel functional analysis of proteins, i.e., proteomics. Proteomics is classified into two categories: classical or quantitative proteomics and functional pro- teomics. Classical proteomics deals with the identification and quantification of pro- teins in cell lysates, whereas the aim of functional proteomics is the determination of protein function.

The Human Proteome Project [hpp] is an international consortium of several research groups that is comparable to the Human Genome Project. The aim is the sys- tematic analysis and characterization of the human proteome for a better understanding of human biology on the cellular level. This should lead to improved medicinal applica- tions (i.e., improved therapy and diagnosis of diseases). An important part of the project deals with a chromosome-based proteome analysis to analyze and understand the func- tion of every single gene. A cooperation of different research groups in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is needed to achieve this (. Fig. 6.5).

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