Industrial Microbiology by David B. Wilson

Author:David B. Wilson
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783527697311
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2019-11-27T20:26:11+00:00

Figure 8.3 Representative antibiotic structures across classifications with production hosts indicated. Representative structure features are indicated: penicillin: β‐lactam ring; tobramycin: amino sugar; erythromycin: macrolide; ergotamine: nitrogen content. Both erythromycin and tetracycline are polyketide natural products made through either Type I (modular) or Type II polyketide synthases, respectively.

8.1.2 Diversity of Antibiotics Produced by Bacteria and Fungi

To that end, the discovery, identification, and production path have led to the therapeutic natural products outlined in Table 8.1 and Figure 8.3. Table 8.2 provides a timeline across several compounds identified during the Golden Age of natural product discovery with the addition of more recent compounds, one of which (azithromycin) is a semisynthetic alteration of erythromycin discovered earlier. β‐Lactam antibiotics were the first classification discovered and, as introduced above, showed antibacterial activity. Macrolide antibiotics possess a similar activity profile to β‐lactam compounds and are commonly prescribed as substitutes for patients allergic to penicillin. Aminoglycosides offer an alternative activity profile relative to most β‐lactam and macrolide compounds and are, thus, used to treat a different spectrum of infectious diseases. Tetracycline compounds have shown activity across a broader array of microbial hosts and, as such, this and similar compounds are referred to as “broad spectrum” antibiotics.

Table 8.2 Antibiotics discovered across decades and natural product classifications.

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