Historical Dictionary of Vietnam by Lockhart Bruce M.; Duiker William J.; & William J. Duiker

Author:Lockhart, Bruce M.; Duiker, William J.; & William J. Duiker [Lockhart, Bruce M.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 1380456
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
Published: 2013-07-11T00:00:00+00:00

MING OCCUPATION. The Ming dynasty’s occupation of Vietnam in the early 15th century, lasting roughly two decades. The initial invasions of 1406-1407 were justified by the Chinese on the grounds of alleged offenses committed by Hồ Quý Ly, whose family had recently usurped power from the Trần dynasty. China’s actions must also, however, be understood in a broader context of Ming expansionism and cultural imperialism. The Chinese forces made quick work of the Hồ defenses and were able to suppress resistance movements led by members of the deposed Trần imperial family as well. They recruited a number of Vietnamese collaborators and proceeded with the establishment of a colonial regime—even as they continued their pacification.

Ming policy in occupied Vietnam reflected the court’s preoccupation with cultural and ideological indoctrination, and they set up an extensive network of schools that promoted the neo-Confucian beliefs that constituted orthodoxy for the Chinese elite. This heavy dose of Confucianism influenced Vietnam’s subsequent evolution, as Confucian doctrines became firmly implanted as the primary state ideology while Buddhism and Daoism generally retreated to the domain of personal spirituality. Another important cultural consequence of the occupation was the destruction and/or loss of most existing Vietnamese texts, so that few pre-1400 works remained for study by later scholars.

In 1418, an insurgency against Chinese rule began under the leadership of Lê Lợi. This guerrilla movement, often referred to as the Lam Sơn Uprising after the name of Lê Lợi’s home area in Thanh Hoá, mounted an extended campaign of resistance, which ended in a Vietnamese victory by 1427. Following the defeat and departure of the Ming forces, Lê Lợi took the title Lê Thai Tổ and founded a new Lê dynasty.

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