Fundamentals of Fluorescence Microscopy by Partha Pratim Mondal & Alberto Diaspro

Author:Partha Pratim Mondal & Alberto Diaspro
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht

6.4 Quantum Yield and Lifetime of Fluorescent Markers

Two important characteristics of fluorescent molecules are: Quantum Yield, and Fluorescence Lifetime. These characteristics are well manifested by a generalized energy diagram involving both radiative and non-radiative transitions as shown in Fig. 6.8. A molecule in the excited singlet state S 1 relaxes either by radiative means, in which it goes back to singlet ground state S 0 or undergoes intersystem crossing (ISC) to an energetically favorable metastable triplet state T 1. Due to spin-forbidden nature of the T 1→S 0, the emission process takes 103–105 longer time to relax as compared to S 1→S 0 transition. The corresponding rates for these relaxation processes are indicated by k r and k nr , respectively.

Fig. 6.8Energy state diagram showing electronic-vibronic energy levels and energy transition in a molecule

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