Electromagnetism, Quanta, And Electron Flow In The Electrophysiology Of Living Cells by Mark Noble;

Author:Mark Noble;
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811234965
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Published: 2021-06-15T00:00:00+00:00

|CHAPTER 23|

Hierarchy of vertebrate muscle

All muscle types are postulated to have in common:

(1)Generation of electricity by mitochondria

(2)Depolarisation and repolarisation by outflow of electrons from cytoplasm, followed by restoration of cytoplasmic electrons from mitochondrial electron generation

(3)Depolarisation-induced opening of the Ca2+ channel and Ca2+ inflow

(4)Ca2+ extrusion by NCX and possibly in some cases by a sarcolemmal ATPase

(5)Ca2+ release and uptake by the SR; uptake by the Ca2+-induced SR ATPase

(6)Electrical conduction and coordination via gap junctions with the possible exception of some skeletal muscles

(a)Most active: cardiac ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibres with most mitochondria, highest resting (diastolic) electron density, highest electron outflow, greatest Ca2+ cycle, greatest electron inflow from mitochondria, highest energy consumption (work, heat, electricity)

(b)Next most active: skeletal muscle with somewhat less of all of the above features

(c)Least active: sinus node, atria, vascular smooth muscle, gut and duct smooth muscle

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