Dating Methods In Archeology (Biblical Archeology) by Philip Dr. Johnson C. & Cherian Dr. Saneesh

Author:Philip, Dr. Johnson C. & Cherian, Dr. Saneesh [Philip, Dr. Johnson C.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Philip Communications
Published: 2013-05-27T00:00:00+00:00

PatinationDating: Many ancient artifact develop a thin outer layer of chemicals called the patina. The patina is the outermost surface of the artifact. This layer differs in color, texture, luster or composition from the rest of the artifact. This layer is created as a result of chemical, physical or biological change in response to the surrounding soil and environmental condition. When a large number of artifacts with patina are found in the same location, this layer can be used to gauge their ages relative to each other.

A good example of patination would be a flint artifact buried in some type of soil or sediment that causes its surface to be chemically altered and become white, yellow or brown. Another example would be the green crust that forms on bronze. Similar examples are known to even those who do not work with archeological samples.

So far five types of patination have been recognized and investigation. The first is bleaching, which is caused by the leaching out silica and replacement of it with lime salts. The second is induration of exposed surfaces, which is caused by the leaching out of soluble silica and redeposition of it at the surface forming a substance called silcrete. The third is limonite-penetration and staining which involves limonite clays and salts in the soil being absorbed by stone artifacts. The fourth can be called "desert-varnish" which is a condition created by extreme dryness and intense solar radiation affecting artifacts. Fifth is the formation of a crust, caused by leaching out iron salts and redeposition at the surface.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.