Counteracting Methodological Errors in Behavioral Research by Gideon J. Mellenbergh

Author:Gideon J. Mellenbergh
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030122720
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

12.1.1 Classical Confidence Intervals of the Difference of the Means of Paired Scores

This section discusses the CI approach to testing null hypotheses on the difference of the means of paired dependent variable (DV) scores. An example of paired DV scores is a sample of students who respond to a math test at pretest and posttest, and another example is a married couple where both husband and wife respond to an attitude questionnaire.

A sample of n pairs is selected from a population. The DV scores of the two members of the ith pair are denoted by X1i and X2i. For example, X1i and X2i are the pretest and posttest scores, respectively, of the ith student, or X1i and X2i are husband and wife’s scores of the ith couple. The difference score of the ith pair is

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