Blackening Europe by Heike Raphael-Hernandez

Author:Heike Raphael-Hernandez
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Routledge

Notes

1.

Of the three thousand American soldiers who enrolled in the International Brigades, 80 percent were black, and most of them were college educated. See Arnold Rampersad, The Life of Langston Hughes, Volume L: 1902–1941: I Too Sing America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).

2.

Ottmar Liebert, Nouveau Flamenco (Ventura, Calif.: Creative Concepts, 1997).

3.

In Spanish, it is politically correct to refer to gitanos as gypsies.

4.

Although flamenco can be sung by gypsies and nongypsies, in this essay I am associating gypsies with flamenco because it was originally sung by them.

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