Art by Laurie Schneider Adams

Author:Laurie Schneider Adams [Adams, Laurie Schneider]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781780740225
Publisher: Oneworld Publications

TYPOLOGY

Typology, literally a science of types, is essentially a form of Christian revisionist history designed to show that all of time is incorporated in the events preceding, following, and including the life of Jesus. In the typological system of history, figures and events of the Old Testament are paired with (or are types for) those of the New Testament and both are sometimes paired with later historical events. For example, Jesus is referred to in the New Testament as the New Adam and the New Solomon. Mary is the New Eve. The Old Testament story of Jonah who was swallowed by a whale and emerged after three days was seen as a prefiguration of the death and resurrection of Jesus three days after his entombment, as recounted in the New Testament. In Christian art, therefore, a scene in which Jonah emerges from the whale could be an allusion to the resurrection of Jesus, thus condensing the time span between the two events.

In the typological system, historical events could be paired with biblical events and were often connected with the development of the Church. Thus, in the fifteenth century, when the Byzantine patriarch John VIII Paleologus traveled to Italy to repair the East–West schism in the Church, his visit was compared with the Queen of Sheba’s visit to King Solomon as well as with the visit of the Magi to Bethlehem. In all three instances, dignitaries from the East traveled westward. By making such parallels, Christian authors were attempting to unite all of time under the umbrella of a universal Church.

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