The Woodworker's Bible by Percy Blandford

Author:Percy Blandford
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: epub, ebook
Publisher: F+W Media, Inc.
Published: 2007-01-22T05:00:00+00:00

Fig. 7-17. Fox wedging (A); when the tenon is forced into the mortise, wedges expand the tenon (B). An open mortise-and-tenon joint, sometimes called a grindle joint (C). The bridle joint can be like a mortise-and-tenon joint with the parts' functions reversed. A half-blind joint (D).

Fig. 7-18. The cabinetmaker uses a haunch in his mortise-and-tenon joints, which can be exposed (A) or concealed (B). If the joint is in the corner of a grooved frame, the grooves are cut first, the tenon is cut back to the bottom of the groove and a haunch is made at the other side (C). For maximum strength, cut mortises into each other and miter the ends of the tenons (D). Bird's-mouth tenon joints (E) are used in roofing construction.

In tables, stools and similar objects, rails at the same level meet perpendicularly to each other (at legs or other uprights). At the top, each tenon can be haunched — either exposed, if it will be covered later, or concealed, if the top of the leg will show in the finished article. To get the maximum strength, cut mortises into each other and miter the ends of the tenons (Fig. 7-18D). However, do not cut the miters so closely that they meet before the shoulders are fully tightened on the surfaces.

In roofing construction, an inclined member is notched and fitted into a horizontal or upright member with a bird's-mouth tenon joint (Fig. 7-18E). The shouldered part takes the thrust of the included end against the notch, then the tenon goes slightly deeper, without too much wood having to be removed from the main part (so as not to weaken it).

Mortise-and-tenon joints have to be adapted to suit various circumstances. They will not necessarily form right angles. A horizontal rail going into a tapered leg needs sloping shoulders. The shoulders might have to be rounded to match a shaped part, or the mortised piece might have to be cut away to give the shoulders a flat bearing.

If the tenoned piece is thinner than the mortised piece, it might have a shoulder on only one side. If the other side is on the same level as the side of the tenon, it is called a barefaced tenon. If two rails have to meet end to end in a mortise, as it is with fence rails, they should be mitered together in their width.

DOWELED JOINTS

Wooden pegs and dowels are found in many pieces of old woodwork. They were individually made, and were only approximately round or shaped more accurately by driving short pieces of wood through holes in a steel plate. Modern machine-made dowels have made a different kind of construction possible. Dowels were used to reinforce joints, as alternatives to nails or screws, when glue could not be trusted. But dowels can be used as a sort of inserted tenon. Accurately sized dowels, combined with precision drilling, can give a form with the strength of a mortise-and-tenon joint, yet be easier and quicker to make.

If a dowel

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