The Role of Self-Esteem in Foreign Language Learning and Teaching by Agnieszka Habrat

Author:Agnieszka Habrat
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

3.2 Method

3.2.1 Participants

There were 381 participants representing secondary (low and high) and tertiary levels of education. The sample comprised students from lower and upper secondary school and college/university students. For the research purposes, in order to distinguish appropriately between the length of exposure, they were all in 3 groups representing the third year of study at their respective stages—3rd form-lower secondary (called LS), 3rd form-upper secondary (US) and 3rd year-college or university students (CS). In order to distinguish between the levels of English within each educational stage, the three cohorts comprised groups following either extended or non-extended courses of English. As gender was claimed to be relevant to self-esteem, the proportions between female and male respondents in the whole sample are worth reporting—there were 227 female and 154 male students (see Table 3.1 for a summary of demographic characteristics). The place of residence was another criterion according to which the participants were divided. There were 137 people who came from villages, 174 from towns and 70 from cities. The analyses were also related to the question whether there was anybody in close family who spoke English. It was found that 186 participants had close relatives who spoke English and 195 did not. Speaking of the role of significant others in foreign language self-esteem formation, the sample was divided according to whether they liked their teachers of English. There were 310 who claimed they did and 71 who denied it. Close to positive rapport with the teacher may seem the participation in extra activities in English which was declared by 142 students and denied by 239. Following the issue of extracurricular work it υms worth distinguishing between those who said they liked English (N = 303), and those who stated they did not (N = 78).Table 3.1Demographic characteristics of the sample (N = 381)

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