Spirit and Salvation: A Constructive Christian Theology for the Pluralistic World, volume 4 by Veli-Matti Karkkainen

Author:Veli-Matti Karkkainen
Language: eng
Format: azw3
Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Published: 2016-12-08T23:00:00+00:00

1. The Fathers touched on the issue only sporadically; see, e.g., Athanasius, Defense against the Arians 2.22.76-77.

2. For details, see chap. 15 in Creation and Humanity.

3. Jewett, Election and Predestination, p. 5.

4. For a succinct description of Pelagianism, see Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, pp. 357-61.

5. For the complicated history of the doctrine of sin and Fall, see chap. 15 in Creation and Humanity.

6. A particularly important text is Pelagius’s Commentary on St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, which was written before the controversy with Augustine, thus highlighting the original form of his ideas.

7. The canons (twenty-five altogether) of the Council of Orange can be found, e.g., at http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/orange.txt (6/20/2014) and in many standard editions of the creeds and councils.

8. Pelikan, CT 1:318. For a detailed and insightful discussion of the ways tradition handled Augustine’s legacy and sought to find a middle way, see Pelikan, CT 1:307-31 (until the end of the patristic era), and Pelikan, CT 3:80-95 (medieval times). In support of the nomenclature of semi-Pelagianism, see Pelikan, CT 1:319, and on rejecting it, see McGrath, Iustitia Dei, 1:72.

9. He responded to criticism in On the Predestination of the Saints and On the Gift of Perseverance.

10. See Kelly, Early Christian Doctrines, pp. 366-69.

11. See further, Pelikan, CT 1:297.

12. For a succinct statement, see Augustine, A Treatise on the Soul and Its Origin 4.16; see also, Pelikan, CT 1:297-98.

13. See Muller, “Calvin and the ‘Calvinists’ [1995]” and “Calvin and the ‘Calvinists’ [1996].”

14. In the Methodist tradition, the issue of predestination became a dividing issue as John Wesley advocated strongly Arminian views whereas George Whitefield, gleaning from the ultra-Calvinist American Puritan Jonathan Edwards, advocated strong Calvinism, as visible in his 1754 Freedom of the Will.

15. For the classic statement, see Calvin, Institutes 3.21.5; for a useful detailed summary of later Calvinistic views with documentation, see Jewett, Election and Predestination, pp. 12-13.

16. See Arminius, Writings, vol. 1, V.I, “On Predestination” (available at ccel.org; n.p.). The classic texts with critical notes of Five Points of the Remonstrants (1610) on the Arminian side and the Canons of Dort (1618-1619) on the Calvinist side can be found in Philip Schaff’s Creeds of Christendom, vol. 3, available at ccel.org. For careful historical discussion, see Pelikan, CT 4:217-44.

17. The classic texts for the debate and mutual rejection of the other’s views are Luther’s Bondage of Will (1525) and Erasmus’s Freedom of Will (1524), found in Rupp and Watson, eds., Luther and Erasmus; highly useful discussion can be found in the editors’ introduction (pp. 1-32). On the lack of freedom of will coram Deo, see Augsburg Confession #18; see also, Formula of Concord #2.

18. See the important rejection of Calvinistic views of limited atonement and predestination for reprobation in Saxon Visitation Articles (1592), #4 (available at http://bookofconcord.org/visitation.php); for details, see also, Jewett, Election and Predestination, pp. 11-12.

19. The classic statements on election can be found in Formula of Concord #11.

20. See Horton, The Christian Faith, pp. 572-75.

21. Horton, The Christian Faith, p. 563.

22. It is interesting, however, to note

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