Lumpy Skin Disease by Eeva S. M. Tuppurainen Shawn Babiuk & Eyal Klement

Author:Eeva S. M. Tuppurainen, Shawn Babiuk & Eyal Klement
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

13.6 Seasonality

The occurrence of LSD outbreaks is characterized by marked seasonality both in tropical and temperate regions. Usually it is associated with periods of high rainfall accompanied by warm temperatures and a resultant high insect activity (Hunter and Wallace 2001). Studies in Ethiopia reported three peaks of the disease, the highest occurred during August and two additional peaks were observed in May and December (Hailu et al. 2014), and an opposing results of highest incidence between September and December, and the lowest incidence in May (Ayelet et al. 2014) . In Turkey, seasonality was also observed, with two high peaks of the outbreaks during September and November and a smaller peak during March (Sevik and Dogan 2016). In Israel the highest peak was observed during April, followed by smaller peaks in August and December (Kahana-Sutin et al. 2016). In this study the authors also differentiated between peaks of the disease during the dry summer months, which occurred mostly in grazing beef herds and the peaks in the beginning of the winter and in the spring which occurred mostly in dairy herds, parallel to a rise of the stable fly population. In all of the above-mentioned countries, LSD occurred all over the year despite the seasonal changes in disease incidence. In the Balkans, probably due to the lower temperatures during the winter, the disease was absent during January to March and peaked during the summer months (Mercier et al. 2017).

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