Interaction in the Language Curriculum by Leo van Lier

Author:Leo van Lier [Leo van Lier]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781317891215
Publisher: Routledge

Notes

1 We will return here to the second triad (see chapter 1) of achievement, assessment, and accountability, and particularly to the relationship between achievement and assessment.

2 This does not necessarily mean: ‘done deliberately, ’ see Churchland 1988: 63. Intending means, rather, ‘pointing to, ’ or ‘orienting towards.’

3 Csikszentmihalyi’s notions of emergent motivation and flow will be further discussed below.

4 In a reply to Crookes & Schmidt 1991 and other recent criticisms (Dornyei 1994, Oxford & Shearin 1994), Gardner and Tremblay point out that research in the ‘Gardnerian tradition’ is far more varied and complex than a simple oppostion between instrumental and integrative motivation or orientation (1994). Indeed, it is likely that we tend to receive a rather simplified version of this work, as is so often the case when complex theories become popular. However, it remains true that Gardnerian research leaves the dynamic complexity of motivation relatively untouched, and focuses instead on orientations and attitudes towards learning and language. In the view expressed in this chapter, these latter issues are only parts of a much bigger puzzle.

5 It is instructive to recast the Chomskyan competence/performance distinction in terms of needs and goals, rather than assuming as usual that competence is a universal state, possessed as an innate good by every individual.

6 Bentham’s proposed Panopticon is a set of buildings with individual cells which are all completely visible from a central control tower. The inhabitant of each and every cell may be constantly observed, but never knows if and when this is actually the case. Foucault discusses this concept frequently (see Rabinow 1984).

7 See several experimental studies described in Deci & Ryan 1985, in which monetary rewards were used as a variable, and which showed that such external rewards were ultimately detrimental to performance.

8 The use of this word suggests an interesting link to the ecological perspective of J.J. Gibson (1979), which I mentioned on p. 36. However, the reader may recall that an affordance, as conceptualized by Gibson, implies the complementarity of the individual and the environment. The notion of affordance therefore requires an active person, not a passive receiver of input.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.