Bodily Changes In Pain Hunger Fear And Rage by Cannon Walter B

Author:Cannon,Walter B.
Language: eng
Format: mobi
Tags: PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY, Philosophy of mind
Publisher: D.Appleton And Company.
Published: 1920-03-03T05:00:00+00:00

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3:30 :40

:50 4:00

:SO :40

FIGURE 29.—Shortening of coagulation time after stimulation of the left splanchnic nerves, 3:39-:40.

while lower, shows oscillations not unlike those which follow injection of adrenin (see p. 155).

The primary delay of the effect is not always, indeed it is not commonly, present:

Nov. 6.—A cat was anesthetized (1.40 p.m.) with urethane, and later (3.05) its brain was pithed. The following observations on the coagulation time show the prompt effect of splanchnic stimulation:

3.36—7 minutes

.46—6 " 4.02 to .05 Stimulation of left splanchnic in abdomen.

.08—4 minutes

.10—3 "

.18—3.5 "

.23—6.5 "

In Fig. 30 is presented the original record of the shortening of the coagulation after stimulation of the left splanchnic nerve (Nov. 8) in a cat with brain pithed.

In the foregoing instances the coagulation time was reduced after splanchnic stimulation to less than half what it was before. The reduction was not always so pronounced.

Nov. 7.—A cat* maintained in uniform ether anesthesia with artificial respiration had the following changes in the clotting time of its blood as the result of stimulating the left splanchnic nerve in the thorax:

3.40—5 minutes 4.06—3.5 minutes

.45—5 " .11—4

.51—5.5 " .16—3.5

. 58 to 4.00 Stimulation of .21—4

left splanch- .26—4.5

nic. .31—5

4.01—15 minutes .36—6.5

In this case the average for about fifteen minutes before stimulation was slightly over five minutes,

* This animal had just passed through a period of excitement with rapid clotting.

FASTER COAGULATION IN EMOTION 166

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and for twenty-five minutes thereafter it was four minutes.

In all cases thus far the period of shortened coagulation lasted from ten to thirty minutes. In other cases, however, the effect was seen only in a single observation. If this had occurred only once after splanchnic stimulation, it might be attributed to accident, but it was not an infrequent result,

e. g.:

Oct. 28.—A cat was etherized and decerebrated, and the splanchnic nerves were isolated in the thorax. Following are two instances of brief shortening of coagulation after splanchnic stimulation:

3.36—4.5 minutes 4.07—4.5 minutes .42—4.5 " .12—5.5 " .47 to .49 Splanchnic stim- . 19 to .22 Splanchnic stimulation, ulation. .51—4.5 minutes .23—3.5 minutes .57—2 « .27-^

4.01—4 « .33—5 "

In the foregoing instance it is noteworthy that the degree of acceleration is not so great after the second stimulation of the splanchnics as it was after the first. This reduction of effect as the nerves were repeatedly stimulated was frequently noted. The following case presents another illustration :

Nov. 12.—A cat was etherized (2.35 p.m.) and the medulla was punctured (piqure) at 3.12. The

FASTEE COAGULATION IN EMOTION 167

operation was without effect. The loss or lessening of effectiveness on second stimulation of the left splanchnic nerves is to be compared with the persistence of effectiveness on the right side:

3.40—4.5 minutes 4.34—4 minutes

.45—4.5 " .39—4 "

.54 to .56 Stimulation of .44—4 "

left splanchnic .48—4 "

in abdomen. .55 to .57 Stimulation of 4.00—3 minutes right splanch-

.05—2 " nic.

.10—5.5 " .59—3 minutes

.16—5 " 5.02—2.5 "

.22 to .27 Stimulation of .07—3 "

left ^splanchnic .11—3 "

in abdomen. .15—5.5 "

.30—4 minutes .22—5.5 "

The experiments above recorded show that stimulation of the splanchnic nerves results immediately,

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