The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan by Maeir Aren M.;McKinny Chris;Shai Itzhaq;

Author:Maeir, Aren M.;McKinny, Chris;Shai, Itzhaq;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: De Gruyter
Published: 2019-06-15T00:00:00+00:00

Beth Shemesh

Beth Shemesh’s massive city wall was founded during the MB II (Mackenzie – Stratum V) and the site was continuously inhabited throughout the LB (Mackenzie – Stratum IV; Bunimovitz and Lederman Levels 10–8 – Bunimovitz and Lederman 2013). Stratum IV was divided into two phases – IVa/Level 10 which relates to the 15th century BCE/LB I and IVb/Level 9 which relates to the 14th-13th centuries BCE/LB II with each phase suffering a destruction (Bunimovitz and Lederman 1993: 2510, 2013: 17–18). In the case of the latter, it is unclear if Bunimovitz and Lederman continue to attribute a destruction to the late 13th century BCE layer (Bunimovitz and Lederman 1993: 2050), because, in more recent years, they have exposed more of stratum IVb, which they have subdivided and new refer to as Levels 9 and 8. Level 9 is related to the LB IIB/14th century BCE and included a large palace on the northern side of the tell, which the excavators have connected with the female ruler fNIN.UR.MAH.MEŠ of the Amarna correspondence (EA 273–274 -Moran 1992: 318–319; Bunimovitz, Lederman, and Hatzaki 2013: 53–54, 61). This palace was destroyed with fire in the 14th century BCE (Brandl, Bunimovitz, and Lederman 2013: 68; Bunimovitz, Lederman, and Hatzaki 2013: 53). Above this palace, a 13th century BCE/LB IIB layer (Level 8) was excavated (Bunimovitz, Lederman, and Hatzaki 2013: 53). In the first-half of the 12th century BCE, Beth Shemesh was inhabited and lacked Cypriot and Mycenaean imports, as well as Philistine 1 (i.e., monochrome/Mycenaean IIIC) pottery (Bunimovitz, Lederman, and Manor 2009: 116; cf. also Ziffer, Bunimovitz, and Lederman 2009: 333).

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