The Cryosphere by Marshall Shawn
Author:Marshall, Shawn.
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2012-06-14T16:00:00+00:00
GLACIER DYNAMICS
Glaciers flow through three different mechanisms: internal “creep” deformation, decoupled sliding at the ice–bed interface, and deformation of subglacial sediments (figure 6.3). The former is a function of ice rheology and the stress regime in the ice, and the latter two mechanisms are governed by conditions at the base of the glacier. These processes are described in more detail below.
Governing Equations for Glacier Dynamics
Similar to models of atmosphere, ocean, and sea-ice dynamics, the flow of glaciers and ice sheets is mathematically described from the equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. For a point on the glacier with ice thickness H, the vertically integrated form of the conservation of mass is
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