The Construction of Words by Geert Booij

Author:Geert Booij
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

3 Arabic Verbal Morphology: Form 2 and Form 3

As discussed in McCarthy (1979, 1981), the Classical Arabic verbal system consists of fifteen different morphological classes or “forms” as it is termed in the traditional literature on Arabic.2 We focus on Forms 1–3 since they are the most widely maintained in almost all dialects. Form 1 is considered to be the basic form of a verb while the others are usually derivable from the Form 1 verb. Form 2 typically expresses causative or intensive.3 Form 3 is understood as a reciprocal, although Benmamoun (2016) argues that it more accurately reflects a case of verb plurality in that the event or state involves more than one participant. (5) demonstrates different verbs from Classical Arabic in these three forms. Each of the verbs is given in the 3rd person, masculine singular perfective active, which has no overt marking for person and number. In (5a) and (5b), the corresponding passive form is indicated in parenthesis. Glosses are provided for the perfective active forms immediately under the verb. In the transcription, a capital letter indicates a pharyngealized consonant.

(5) Arabic verbs Form 1-3 (data from Wehr 1976)

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