Spatial Economics for Building Back Better by Masahisa Fujita & Nobuaki Hamaguchi & Yoshihiro Kameyama

Spatial Economics for Building Back Better by Masahisa Fujita & Nobuaki Hamaguchi & Yoshihiro Kameyama

Author:Masahisa Fujita & Nobuaki Hamaguchi & Yoshihiro Kameyama
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789811649516
Publisher: Springer Singapore


7.3 Regeneration and Reconstruction of Land

7.3.1 Three Types of Reconstruction Town Development

In June 2011, the “Reconstruction Design Council in Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake” stated that the basic policy for reconstruction of the affected areas was “disaster mitigation,” which aims at minimizing damage sustained in the event of a disaster, rather than completely blocking natural disasters. At the same time, regarding areas damaged by tsunami waves, they set out a basic policy of relocating houses to higher ground or inland. As a result, residents were unable to live in the affected areas. Based on this outcome, in September 2011, the Central Disaster Management Council, Cabinet Office of the Government of Japan, began to undertake tsunami disaster prevention measures. They showed their respective responses after assuming two tsunami levels: the L2 tsunami and the L1 tsunami. The L2 tsunami is “the largest class of tsunami that occurs very infrequently but causes enormous damage if it occurs.” The L1 tsunami is “a tsunami that occurs more frequently than the largest class tsunami, and although the tsunami height is low, it causes great damage and is relatively frequent.” According to the guidelines, in response to the L2 tsunami, one must build comprehensive disaster prevention measures able to combine land use, evacuation facilities, disaster prevention facilities, etc., centering on the evacuation of residents. In response to the L1 tsunami, disaster prevention measures must be built to prevent tsunami waves from inundating inland areas using coastal conservation facilities such as seawalls.

Based on these guidelines, local governments in the disaster area decided to “prohibit re-resident ships in the original place of residence (washed away by the tsunami waves)” and “places of residence on high ground where tsunami waves did not reach.” “Relocation” was set as a principal condition. In addition, local governments have stipulated that “village units” are desirable for relocation to maintain neighborhood communities and villages. Local governments in the disaster area purchased the “tsunami site” where the houses were relocated after being damaged by the tsunami waves and designated it as public land. They developed residential land in highland areas behind the “tsunami site,” the created hills, and inland areas. They used the “Disaster Prevention Group Relocation Promotion Project” to develop a new residential area, known as the “Disaster Prevention Group Relocation Housing Complex”.

However, regarding the use of the lowland “tsunami site”, which was left to the discretion of the local government, there were three types: (1) green park space, (2) industrial land (fishery processing industry and equipment industry), and (3) commercial land. Reconstruction town development is being promoted by combining types or these (1) to (3). In the following, details of these three types of land use are explained.

Type 1 city planning with park and green space



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