Space Science and Communication for Sustainability by Wayan Suparta Mardina Abdullah & Mahamod Ismail

Author:Wayan Suparta, Mardina Abdullah & Mahamod Ismail
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

2 Methodology

2.1 Data and Location

In this study of PWV variability in the western Pacific region over the latitude range of 20°N to 20°S and longitude 95°E to 156°E, PWV data were retrieved from GPS and surface meteorological data. The GPS data was collected from Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota Kinabalu (UMSK) in Malaysia, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore (NTUS) in Singapore, Philippines Islands Manila Observatory (PIMO) in Philippines, Bakosurtanal (BAKO) in Indonesia and Townsville (TOW2) in Australia. Due to limited data access, three years of data (2009–2011) were processed for the case study.

The main base of data used in this study was from UMSK station. The GPS receiving system at UMSK consisted of a Trimble NetR8, dual-frequency with a Zephyr Geodetic 2 antenna and a PC for data logging. The GPS data is recorded in the Receiver Independent Exchange (RINEX) format with a resolution of 30-seconds. The surface meteorological system used was the MET4A sensors produced by Paroscientific, Inc. (USA). The sensor has to precisely measure the surface pressure (in bars), air temperature (in degrees Celsius) and relative humidity (in percent). The resolution of surface meteorological data is set at 4 s. The measurement system is located in the School of Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah building, Kota Kinabalu (6.03°N, 116.12°E and 63.49 m altitude). The location of the GPS and RS stations is shown in Fig. 1a together with diagram of GPS PWV measurements at UMSK in Fig. 1b.

Fig. 1(a) Location of the GPS and radiosonde stations and (b) GPS PWV measurement system at UMSK station

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