Robust and Secured Digital Audio Watermarking by Krunal N. Patel

Author:Krunal N. Patel
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030539115
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

3.3.2 Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)

The discrete cosine transform is the spectral transformation, which has the properties of discrete Fourier transformation (Watson 1994). The discrete cosine transform is like the DFT. Like the DFT, it states to or decays a signal with the goal that its parts may be depicted. Not at all like the DFT, the DCT utilizes as it were cosine waves. This is an effective calculation in light of the fact that the DCT is equivalent to a DFT or roughly double the length thus it is a critical advancement as far as computational unpredictability in signal processing undertakings. As there are numerous kinds of DCT with various info and parameter esteems, the DCT is adaptable in its applications.

The DCT has a large number of indistinguishable favorable circumstances from the DFT yet, in addition, huge numbers of similar impediments identified with nonstationary signals. In any case, its many-sided quality is significantly less than that of the DFT so considerably littler windows can be examined at the same computational cost (Yan et al. 2009). Note additionally that the DCT change is more valuable and more predominant in the change of image and video signals than the audio signal. The low-frequency DCT coefficients convey a considerable measure of energy and change in the lower frequency DCT coefficients prompt more prominent mutilation. And if the higher frequency coefficients are modified, then it will not create much more distortion but again there is a concern of robustness (Ali Khayam 2003).

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