Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 244 by Pim de Voogt

Author:Pim de Voogt
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

For modeling purposes, it is assumed that for an individual PEPO up to 10 % of this amount can be emitted, which is 440 kg/h, split over 10 locations in Europe, which gives an regional release of 44 kg/h or about 1 t/d and a continental release of 10 t/d.

3.5 Environmental Distribution

The distribution and fate of the PEPOs was modeled with the EUSES program v.2.1 (European Union 2016). The general release estimate was 1 t/d into regional wastewater, and 10 t/d into continental wastewater. This program limits the indirect atmospheric degradation by reaction with OH radicals to a maximum rate constant of 10−10 s−1, and water solubility is limited to 100 g/L. The PEPOs are mixtures of oligomers. As discussed earlier, the low molecular weight homologues show a comparatively high vapor pressure of about 400 Pa (25 °C) and a low logK ow (set to 0), whereas the high molecular weight homologues have a low vapor pressure of about 0.004 Pa (25 °C) and the high-end logK ow as given by the OECD test method no. 117. Modeling is done for the low and the high molecular weight homologues. The logK oc was fixed to 4. Data concerning regional predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in freshwater, its sediment, soil, and air are summarized in Table 10. The EUSES calculation results for the environment are listed in Appendix 2 (Supplementary Data 2).Table 10Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) on regional scale for non-amine PEPOs in surface water, seawater, agricultural soil, and air calculated by EUSES v.2.1; logK oc = 4 for all substances

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