Renewable Energy in Power Systems by David Infield & Leon Freris

Author:David Infield & Leon Freris
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781118788561
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-02-03T00:00:00+00:00

Figure 4.38 Multi-level converter topologies: (a) cascade connection and (b) diode-clamped.

Figure 4.39 A generic three-phase matrix converter topology.

Figure 4.40 Basic configuration of a Z-source inverter.

4.6 Applications to Renewable Energy Generators

4.6.1 Applications to PV Systems

4.6.1.1 PV System Characteristics

All PV systems generate DC and so power electronic converters, known as inverters, are required to connect them to power systems.

As described in Chapter 2, PV modules have an IV characteristic that depends on incident radiation intensity (and to a lesser extent the solar spectrum) and module temperature. Different types of PV have different shapes of IV curve, characterised in simple terms by a fill factor, as explained in Chapter 2. To maximise the output of any PV module, or collection of modules, operation should be at the maximum power point. This point will change with radiation and temperature and a key function of the inverter is to track this. How effective this so-called MPPT is can critically effect the overall efficiency of the PV system.

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