Post 2030-Agenda and the Role of Space by Annette Froehlich
Author:Annette Froehlich
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham
When two of these ‘error balls’ come into contact with each other, there is a possibility that the two corresponding objects may collide in orbit in what is called a conjunction. If the probability is low, the JSpOC sends a conjunction data message to the satellite’s operator, informing him or her that there may be a close pass with another satellite or a piece of debris. Generally, the endangered satellite does not correct course, as the accuracy of the data is so low it could well be moving into the path of the debris instead of away from it. If the probability of a collision is high, the JSpOC sends the operator a close approach notification (CAN). This message serves as a warning to the operator that a conjunction may occur and a suggestion that he or she should take corrective action if possible.
How is it possible that such seemingly sensitive information can be shared by the US military to a possibly foreign government or corporation? A large amount of SSA data are available for free to anyone via spacetrack.org. Of course, this Web site does not include any classified assets, but it is still useful. Additionally, USSTRATCOM has SSA data sharing agreements with many national partners, which allow the free flow of more accurate information. This is a relatively new development, having come about as a result of 2009 Congressional action following the Iridium–Cosmos collision. Before that, the USA operated a limited SSA network basically on its own.
As of a 2010 USSTRATCOM report, JSpOC had 16 SSA data sharing agreements. Since then, many other countries have signed similar agreements with the USA, including Belgium, Norway, Spain, and the United Arab Emirates. Dozens of private companies the world over have also signed onto data sharing agreements. This is certainly a positive trend considering the enormity of the task as outlined above. Notably, the USA does not have an SSA data sharing agreement with Russia, who have independent SSA capabilities of their own.
There are criteria which, when met, trigger an emergency notification of an imminent potential collision, regardless of whether an agreement has been signed or not. After all, limiting the creation of more space debris and preventing collisions is in everyone’s best interest. The criteria are as follows:For an active satellite above low-Earth orbit, we currently notify the o/o if we predict their satellite will approach within 5 kilometers (km) of another orbiting object in the next 72 h. For an active satellite in low-Earth orbit, we will notify the o/o if we predict it will approach within 1 km (overall miss distance) of another orbiting object AND within 200 m in the radial direction in the next 72 h.8
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