Planning in Eastern Europe (Routledge Revivals) by Andrew H. Dawson

Author:Andrew H. Dawson [Dawson, Andrew H.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Human Geography
ISBN: 9781317525998
Google: ZCtEDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2017-12-22T03:33:08+00:00

Chapter 7

Hungary

Paul A. Compton

The Context of Planning

Planned, as opposed to unregulated, development has been the path chosen by Hungary since the consolidation of communist control in 1949. As a result its society is highly ordered, but it has tended to lack the innovative spirit associated with individual initiative. Planning was first applied to the economy, where it involved the abolition of market relationships and the elimination of the independent decision-making function of the various units of production. Within a short period it became synonymous with a system of tight control which spread rapidly to embrace most other areas of society. More recently, however, a spirit of 'liberalism' has been rekindled, and there has been some retreat from central planning. Although the objectives of socio-economic development are still formulated in five-year plans, these are implemented today through fiscal measures and incentives, rather than by orders from higher to lower authorities, and in this Hungary differs very significantly from the other communist countries of Eastern Europe. The first section of this chapter outlines in more detail these two contrasting styles of economic management, while subsequent sections show how the priorities of the planners have been expressed in the context of the country's regional, settlement and environmental problems.

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