Particle Physics Reference Library by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030342456
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

8.7 Injection and Extraction Related Hardware: Kickers and Septa

M. J. Barnes, J. Borburgh and V. Mertens

This chapter describes the main hardware elements involved in single-turn injection and fast extraction, as well as resonant slow extraction: fast pulsed systems (kickers) and magnetic and electrostatic septa. For a description of the beam processes involved reference is made to Sect. 6.​3. For space reasons other associated components, such as stripping foils used for multi-turn injection, injection and extraction related protection systems, or specific beam instrumentation, are not discussed here. For certain of these components information can be found in the corresponding chapters of this volume.

Injection and extraction regions are particularly challenging areas in accelerators in several respects. The space allocated for these parts, which are usually located in straight sections, is naturally rather limited so that the space available for bending sections (in the case of a circular machine) or accelerating structures (in the case of a linear accelerator) can be maximized, and with it the achievable energy for a given circumference or length of the accelerator. As a result injection and extraction related elements are often required to be as physically short and electrically or magnetically strong as technically feasible (yet remaining reasonable in cost). Although magnetic kickers and septa are dipole magnets, following the same principles as ordinary bending elements, they have very distinct features and must often fulfil conflicting design requirements. They are typically purpose-built single elements or only produced in a small series. Many of these elements are installed under vacuum, with the resulting implications.

Figure 8.66 shows an example of fast single-turn injection in one plane [162, 163]. The injected beam passes through the homogeneous field region (aperture) of the septum: circulating beam is in the field-free region. The septum deflects the injected beam onto the closed orbit at the centre of the kicker magnet; the kicker magnet compensates the remaining angle. The septum and kicker are either side of a quadrupole (defocusing in the injection plane) which provides some of the required deflection and minimizes the required strength of the kicker magnet.

Fig. 8.66Fast single-turn injection in one plane

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