On Female Body Experience by Young Iris Marion;

Author:Young, Iris Marion;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Oxford University Press USA - OSO
Published: 2005-07-15T00:00:00+00:00

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1. Erwin Straus locates the self as consciousness phenomenologically in the head but mentions the chest or trunk as an important location of the self in movement and a sense of immediate affective experience of the self in the world; see “The Forms of Spatiality,” in Phenomenological Psychology (New York: Basic Books, 1966), 22–27. Seymour Fischer finds heart awareness an important variable in body consciousness; see Body Experience in Fantasy and Behavior (New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1970), especially chapter 27.

2. See Barbara Ann Brenna, Hands of Light (New York: Bantam Books, 1987), 132–35.

3. One of the women interviewed by Ayalah and Weinstock relies on the ideas of yoga to suggest that her sense of herself and her relation to her breasts influenced her entire being in the world as either tight or relaxed in the chest.

4. Many of the women interviewed by Ayalah and Weinstock trace significant aspects of their adult personalities to their adolescent experiences of breast development.

5. See Sandra Bartky, “On Psychological Oppression,” in Philosophy and Women, ed. Sharon Bishop and Marjorie Weinzweig (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1979), 33–41; and E. Ann Kaplan, “Is the Gaze Male?” in Women and Film: Both Sides of the Camera (New York: Methuen, 1983), 23–35.

6. See Martin Heidegger, What Is a Thing?, trans. W. B. Barton and Vera Deutsch (Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1967).

7. Carolyn Merchant takes “context independence” to be one of the defining characteristics of the materialist mechanical view of nature, which triumphed over an organic view of nature in the seventeenth century. See The Death of Nature (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980), chapter 9.

8. I am thinking of Irigaray’s attention to the property and commodity basis of objecthood; “Women on the Market,” in This Sex Which Is Not One (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985), 170–91.

9. “Forget Hemlines: The Bosomy Look Is Big Fashion News,” Wall Street Journal (December 2, 1988); Jeremy Weir Alderson, “Breast Frenzy,” Self (December 1988), 83–89.

10. Susan Bordo suggests that achievement society takes Western culture’s denial of the body and fleshiness to extremes, projecting norms of tightness and hardness for all bodies. This is the particular contemporary cultural meaning of the demand for slenderness in both men and women, but especially in women. Bordo does not mention breasts specifically in this discussion, but clearly this analysis helps us understand why media norms of breasts make this impossible demand for a “firm” breast. See Bordo, “Reading the Slender Body,” in Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science, ed. Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, and Sally Shuttleworth (New York: Routledge Chapman and Hall, 1989), 83–112.

11. See Sandra Bartky, “Foucault, Femininity, and the Modernization of Patriarchal Power,” in Feminism and Foucault: Reflections on Resistance, ed. Irene Diamond and Lee Quinby (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1988).

12. Comment of Fran, in Ayalah and Weinstock, Breasts, 136.

13. Luce Irigaray, “The Mechanics of Fluids,” in This Sex Which Is Not One, trans. Catherine Porter (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985). Compare Jeffner Allen, “An Introduction to Patriarchal Existentialism,” in The Thinking Muse: Feminism and Modern French Philosophy, ed.

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