OECD Green Growth Policy Review of Indonesia 2019 by OECD

Author:OECD
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: environment
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2019-07-10T00:00:00+00:00

Box 2.1. Mainstreaming the environment into policies, plans and projects: A capacity challenge

Strategic environmental assessment

SEA began to be applied in the early 2000s and became a legal requirement in 2009. Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management requires SEA to be conducted for all development and spatial plans as well as any policies, plans or programmes with a potentially significant environmental impact or risk. SEA should include consideration of alternatives and assessment of the environment’s carrying capacity and cumulative effects, with particular emphasis on vulnerability to climate change and biodiversity. Government Regulation No. 46/2016 expanded the use of SEA to marine, coastal and small island zoning plans and provided a basis for a common approach to SEA.

Since 2009, over 100 SEA studies have been conducted, mostly for provincial spatial plans. There are also some examples of SEA for national sector policies (e.g. for the oil palm, coal and aquaculture sectors) as well as the Masterplan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development 2011-25 (DANIDA, 2018). At the local (district) level, spatial plans rarely undergo SEA.

Since SEA often starts quite late in the planning process, limited attention has been given to consideration of alternatives. Many SEA reports present long lists of detailed recommendations, making it difficult for decision makers to set priorities. Follow-up monitoring of these recommendations is almost never carried out (DANIDA, 2018). There is a serious need to strengthen technical capacity to perform SEA at the local level and increase stakeholder and public involvement. The government has developed guidance on SEA procedures and requirements, including for regional and national development plans, which may help improve its application.

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