Nuclear Zero?: Lessons from the Last Time We Were There by George H. Quester

Author:George H. Quester [Quester, George H.]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
ISBN: 9781412856188
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Published: 2015-05-31T16:00:00+00:00

Notes

1.Michael Frayn, Copenhagen (New York: Random House, 1998).

2.The close relationship of all these people is recounted in detail in Powers, Heisenberg’s War.

3.On the Bohr briefing at Los Alamos, see Rhodes, Making the Atomic Bomb, 523–525.

4.See Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 342.

5.On the casualty totals, see Richard Gordin, Five Days in August (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007), 18; On Lindemann’s advocacy, see C. P. Snow, The Two Cultures (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1961).

6.Kapitza’s treatment is described in Medawar and Pyke, Hitler’s Gift, 140.

7.Heisenberg’s 1939 American conversations are described in Powers, Heisenberg’s War, Chapter 1.

8.Heisenberg’s optimistic view here is outlined in Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 333–35.

9.On the New York Fermi-Heisenberg conversation, see Baggott, First War of Physics, 27.

10.Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 103.

11.Ibid., 102.

12.On the British estimates of German nuclear progress, see Baggott, First War of Physcis, 259–260.

13.Ibid., 260.

14.Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 272–274.

15.Ibid., 158–161.

16.On the Hahn-Meitner meetings, see Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 102; and Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 283.

17.Ibid., 285.

18.Baggott, First War of Physics, 88; Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 106–197.

19.Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, 218.

20.On the Rote Capelle, see Anne Nelson, Red Orchestra (New York: Random House, 2004).

21.On the general acceptance of self-censorship here, see Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 68–69.

22.On the letter from Flerov to Stalin, see Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, 77–78.

23.Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 284

24.On the Alsos restrictions, see Rhodes, Making the Atomic Bomb, 605.

25.The 1945 bombings are noted in Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, 130.

26.Ibid., 101.

27.The criticism of Hahn is discussed in Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 101.

28.On the reactions to the drop in American publications, see Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb, 77–78; and Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 284–285.

29.On Liese Meitner’s escape from Germany, see Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 44–45.

30.The Flugge articles are outlined in Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 62–63.

31.On the Seaborg article, see Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 129.

32.Medawar and Pyke, Hitler’s Gift, 224.

33.These fears are noted in Ibid., 175.

34.On the German Post Office project, see Geoffrey Brooks, Hitler’s Nuclear Weapons (London: Leo Cooper, 1982).

35.Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 210–211.

36.Ibid., 384.

37.For an illustration of such skepticism about “nuclear secrets,” see Bird and Sherwin, American Prometheus, Chapter 16.

38.Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 216.

39.The Weizsäcker reaction to the Seaborg article is described in Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 129.

40.On the Moe Berg assassination project, see Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 385–400.

41.Henry Dewolf Smyth. Atomic Energy for Military Purposes (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1945).

42.On this search for uranium, see Jonathan Helmreich, Gathering Rare Ores (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986).

43.On the World War II chemical weapons interaction, see Jonathan B. Tucker, War of Nerves (New York: Pantheon, 2006).

44.For a good illustration of the arguments for a no-first-use policy, see Richard Ullmann, “No First Use of Nuclear Weapons,” Foreign Affairs 50, no. 4 (1972) 669–683.

45.Helmreich, Gathering Rare Ores, 254.

46.On this part of the Einstein letter, see Macpherson, Time Bomb: Fermi, Heisenberg, 87–88; and Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 63.

47.Powers, Heisenberg’s War, 69.

48.William Laurence, Dawn Over Zero (New York: Knopf, 1946), 88–89.

49.Rhodes, p. 405.

50.On the “dual-use” problem today, see William B. Potter, Nuclear Power and Nonproliferation (New York: Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain, 1982).

51.The Japanese concern about other countries’ nuclear progress is outlined in Rhodes, Making the Atomic Bomb, 457–459.

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