Nanovaccines by Sergio Rosales-Mendoza & Omar González-Ortega

Author:Sergio Rosales-Mendoza & Omar González-Ortega
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030316686
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

CNTs-Based Vaccines

Over the past three decades, the aquaculture industry has made impressive progress towards constituting a source of high quality protein for the worldwide population. However, viral and bacterial pathogens seriously affect this industry causing mortality and less productivity (Brudeseth et al. 2013) (Table 7.1). The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a pathogen that seriously endangers grass carp. Vaccination against this pathogen is a proven concept, but using parenteral vaccine formulations. Looking to develop a more practical vaccination approach, not requiring intensive labor and providing high efficacy is urgently needed. Zhu et al. (2014) prepared a vaccine candidate consisting of swCNTs conjugated with the VP7 protein from GCRV. The authors used oxidized SWCNTs that were coupled with the VP7 protein by a diimide activated amidation process. The vaccine was evaluated in grass carps applying i.m. and bath immunization schemes using fish at two developmental stages (Type I: 0.21–0.24 g; Type II: 25.5–28.5 g of body weight). The use of swCNTs enhanced vaccine immunogenicity in terms of the following markers: serum respiratory burst activity, complement activity, lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, immune-related genes, and antibody levels. In general, the efficacy of the vaccine administered by the bath method was higher than the i.m. scheme, showing a dose-dependent behavior with the 40 mg/L dose providing higher protection rate in Type I fish (RPS > 95%). Adjuvant effects were also dose-dependent. Thus, the use of swCNTs is proposed as a practical approach to immunize fish by the bath immersion method, requiring lower doses than the VP7 protein alone and higher protection rates, especially in juveniles.Table 7.1Summary of the VLPs-based mucosal vaccines summarized in this chapter

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