Nanotechnology for Lithium-Ion Batteries by Yaser Abu-Lebdeh & Isobel Davidson

Author:Yaser Abu-Lebdeh & Isobel Davidson
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer US, Boston, MA

6.3.1 Graphene/Silicon-Based Materials

Silicon has been explored as anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (4,200 mAh g−1 or 9,805 mAh mL−1) and its natural abundance [46–48]. Silicon reacts with lithium via the following alloying/de-alloying reactions:

(6.1)

Up to 4.4, lithium can alloy with silicon leading to a maximum capacity of 4,200 mAh g−1. However, this large capacity is associated with a large volume change of 300–400% upon cycling [35, 49, 50]. The latter gives rise to mechanical stresses that lead to cracks, eventual disintegration of the electrode, and a failure of the battery [51]. All strategies to fix this problem have shown their limitations: use of nanoparticles, cellulose-based binder, composites, and nanostructures [37–41]. Graphene/silicon nanocomposite materials, where silicon nanoparticles are trapped between graphene sheets, might be a way to better mitigate the effect of the large volume change. Several research groups worked on making these nanocomposites using mixing procedures of either graphene or GO with commercial silicon nanoparticles. Table 6.2 summarizes the preparation procedure, ratio, and different capacity values of the composites prepared by different research groups around the world.Table 6.2Graphene/silicon nanocomposites preparation methods and capacity values

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