Military Robots and Drones by Paul J. Springer

Author:Paul J. Springer [Springer, Paul J.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: ABC-CLIO
Published: 0101-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

Sources

Blaker, James R. 2007. Transforming Military Force: The Legacy of Arthur Cebrowski and Network Centric Warfare. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.

Singer, Peter W. 2009. Wired for War. New York: Penguin.

Gates, Robert M. (1943–)

Robert M. Gates served as the secretary of defense under the administrations of President George W. Bush and President Barack Obama. Previously, he served in the administration of President George H. W. Bush as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In each capacity, he was instrumental in the development and deployment of autonomous military weaponry.

Gates was born in Wichita, Kansas, in 1943. He completed a bachelor's degree in history at the College of William and Mary in 1965, followed by a master's degree in history from Indiana University in 1966 and a Ph.D. in 1974 from Georgetown. His doctoral dissertation examined the relationship between the Soviet Union and China, and identified a number of fractures between the communist countries. In 1966, Gates joined the CIA, which sponsored him for officer training in the U.S. Air Force. After two years as a military intelligence officer, he returned as an analyst to the CIA. In 1974, he joined the staff of the National Security Council but returned to the CIA in 1979 and gradually worked his way through the organization. In 1991, he was nominated and confirmed as the director of the CIA, the only career officer to rise from an entry-level position to the head of the organization.

After retiring from the CIA in 1993, Gates moved into academia, serving first as the dean of the George Bush School of Public Policy and Administration at Texas A&M University before becoming the president of the school in 2002. In 2006, he was confirmed as the secretary of defense, succeeding Donald Rumsfeld in the position. He proved a powerful and active secretary, removing several key political leaders for their roles in scandals, including the secretaries of the Army and Air Force. He also demonstrated a willingness to cancel expensive legacy programs that did not provide the hardware needed by the 21st century military, focusing instead on unmanned systems and greater automation within the armed forces. In 2008, President-elect Obama announced that Gates would continue to serve in the same post after the president's inauguration, making Gates the first secretary of defense to serve two presidents of different political parties.

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