Introduction to Human Geography Using ArcGIS Online by Carter J. Chris;

Introduction to Human Geography Using ArcGIS Online by Carter J. Chris;

Author:Carter, J. Chris;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: LCSH: Human geography--Data processing. | Geographic information systems. | ArcGIS.
Publisher: Lightning Source Inc. (Tier 1)
Published: 2019-01-17T16:00:00+00:00


Go to ArcGIS Online to complete exercise 6.2: “Agriculture and development,” and exercise 6.3: “Farmer’s markets: Consumption patterns of buying locally.”

Figure 6.20.Agricultural exports in Thailand. One benefit of globally produced agricultural products is that it can help grow economies in the developing world. This can ultimately benefit developed countries as global incomes and consumption increase. Photo by Sergey Edentod. Stock photo ID: 664265806. Shutterstock.

Agriculture and sense of place

As you’ll recall from chapter 1, the unique combination of physical and human features can form a strong sense of place. In many parts of the world, agriculture and agricultural products are key components that contribute to the unique “personality” of places. For instance, what would Napa Valley be without wine? Georgia is known as the Peach State. When many people think of Mexico, tequila comes to mind, while coffee is associated with Colombia. The association between agricultural products and specific places invokes an important essence of a place, be it a hot cup of Colombian coffee at a café in Bogotá or a cool margarita on a beach in Cancún.

Typically, the association between agricultural goods and places is based on centuries, if not millennia, of traditional knowledge that formed from the combination of unique environmental characteristics and cultural practices. Authentic parmesan cheese comes from several northern provinces of Italy, where the cows are fed with locally grown fodder and production processes have been traced back at least to the fourteenth century. Likewise, wine production in Champagne, France, goes back to the ancient Roman empire 2,000 years ago. The climate and soils of this region, combined with specialized techniques for growing grapes and processing and fermenting them, make it world famous for its sparkling wine. Colombian coffee gets its uniqueness from the Andes’ volcanic soils and climate patterns that cross between the Amazon basin and the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

Because of the close relationship between environment and cultural traditions, many producers argue that products cannot be created in just any place. They are not simply a recipe to be copied but something that can be produced only in a specific location in a specific manner. In an attempt to protect place-based agricultural products from inauthentic imitators, legal systems have been put in place in many countries and regions. In essence, these legal protections function similarly to copyrights, but they are tied to specific places rather than specific companies.

For instance, the European Union protects hundreds of products on the basis of their place of origin. These include feta cheese that can be produced only in Greece and champagne and other wines that must come from specific regions in Europe. Some but not all of these protections apply in the United States. For example, parmesan cheese sold in the European Union must be from specific regions of northern Italy, but the rule does not apply to parmesan sold in the United States. The same holds true for champagne, where sparkling wines produced in California can carry the same name. Within the North American Free Trade



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