Illustrated Dictionary of Architecture by Ernest Burden

Author:Ernest Burden
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Published: 2012-11-27T16:00:00+00:00

Irrigation

Supplying water to grass, trees, and other plants.

Irwin, Harriet (1828–1897)

Without having had architectural training, patented the first dwelling plan by an American woman (1869).

I-section See Beam

ISL bulb

A reflector type bulb with a silver-covered reflector.

Islamic architecture

Mesopotamian and Greco-Roman forms are the two main sources for this style (600–1500), which makes use of symbolic geometry, using pure forms such as the circle and square. The major sources of decorative design are floral motifs, geometric shapes and Arabic calligraphy. The major building types are the mosque and the palace. Mosque plans are based on strongly symmetrical layouts featuring a rectangular courtyard with a prayer hall. Forms are repetitive and geometrical; the surfaces are richly decorated with glazed tiles, carved stucco and patterned brickwork, or bands of colored stonework. Plaster made from gypsum was carved and highly polished to give it a marble-like finish.

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