Handbook of Graphene, Volume 8: Volume 8: Graphene Technology and Innovation by Harun Sulaiman Wadi;Harun Sulaiman Wadi;

Author:Harun, Sulaiman Wadi;Harun, Sulaiman Wadi; [Harun, Sulaiman Wadi]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781119469988
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Published: 2019-06-14T14:14:00+00:00

8.3.1.1 Incoherent Radiation Reduction of GO

Coherent radiation, i.e., laser radiation, is a popular tool for photoreduction, however successful photoreduction has also been demonstrated using incoherent radiation. The most notable example of this is the use of microwave radiation, first demonstrated by Zhu et al. using a common kitchen microwave [109]. Microwave radiation is absorbed and generates a plasma, producing a local high-energy environment where graphite oxide is chemically reduced and exfoliated. Further work has shown that this process can be made faster, and the quality of rGO improved, by using pulsed microwave radiation and adding a small amount of graphite powder to catalyze the reaction [110, 111].

Microwave reduction of GO is an attractive method for larger-scale production, as it is fast and scalable, and allows the reduction and exfoliation steps to be carried out simultaneously. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the fast heating caused by microwave radiation allows oxygen-containing moieties to be removed at a timescale too fast to undermine the stability of the graphene sheet, resulting in reasonably high quality rGO [112].

In addition to microwave radiation, photoreduction of GO by ultraviolet (UV) and by infrared (IR) lamps has also been reported. Reduction of GO by IR light is thought to occur by a photothermal mechanism, where heating of the GO by light absorption drives the reduction process [113]. A similar photothermal process can also be used to reduce GO using heating produced by UV light, however catalysts can also be used with UV light to produce rGO by a photocatalytic reaction rather than a photothermal route [114].

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