Enzymes by Paul Engel

Author:Paul Engel [Engel, Paul]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780192558817
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2020-10-03T00:00:00+00:00

At the heart of the decoding process is a set of enzymes, the amino acyl tRNA synthetases. Each of these remarkable enzymes is highly specific for one of the twenty amino acids, but, as well as recognizing its amino acid substrate with extremely high fidelity, it has to recognize and grab the correct corresponding tRNA molecule out of the multiple set of these. Its catalytic task is to join the amino acid’s carboxyl group to the end of the tRNA molecule, making an amino acyl tRNA molecule. However, this is one of the chemical tasks mentioned earlier that will not happen without an energy drive from ATP, and so (remember we must have a common intermediate to link the splitting of ATP to the creation of an amino acyl tRNA), the first half of this reaction takes the amino acid and the ATP and creates amino acyl adenylate, splitting off two of ATP’s three phosphates in the process (Figure 38).

38. ATP in formation of amino acyl tRNA. In Step 2 the amino acid exchanges attachment to the single phosphate of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) for attachment to the terminal adenosine of the cognate tRNA.

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