Emerging CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Biomedical Applications by Ghafar-Zadeh Ebrahim;Forouhi Saghi;
Author:Ghafar-Zadeh, Ebrahim;Forouhi, Saghi;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Institution of Engineering & Technology
Published: 2021-09-19T16:00:00+00:00
5.1 Materials and challenges
At the first glance, it seems that if a droplet of the liquid sample is dropped accurately on top of the sensing part of the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor in such a way that the other parts like bonding wires are passivated, the sample can be in direct contact with the sensor without any microfluidics. But, according to the application and the properties of the materials used in the surface such as hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, dispersion and/or evaporation of the droplet might be occurred. So, there is a need for fluidic devices to contain and direct the sample through the CMOS sensor. Generally, three approaches are reported to do so which are illustrated in Figure 5.1(a)â(c): (1) a big chamber like a petri dish or well with a small hole to give access to an open-top CMOS sensor (Figure 5.1(a)), (b) single-channel microfluidics directing the liquid through one channel toward the sensor (Figure 5.1(b)); (c) multichannel microfluidics directing the liquid through multiple channels toward different sensing parts arranged in an array structure (Figure 5.1(c)). The latter is useful for high-throughput experiments but it is more complex than the other two configurations.
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