Crimes Unspoken by Gebhardt Miriam; Somers Nick;

Author:Gebhardt, Miriam; Somers, Nick;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Polity Press
Published: 2017-01-02T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. Stephan Hebel (ed.), Alltag in Trümmern: Zeitzeugen berichten über das Kriegsende 1945 (Berlin 2005), p. 137.

2. Günter Sagan, Kriegsende 1945: Die dramatischen Wochen vor und nach der Kapitulation (Petersberg 2008).

3. Pfister, Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, pp. 844–5.

4. Ibid., pp. 842–53.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid., p. 994.

7. Ibid., p. 1326.

8. Ibid., p. 1010.

9. Lilly, Taken by Force, p. 120.

10. Pfister, Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, p. 835.

11. Lilly, Taken by Force, p. 120.

12. This does not mean that GIs raped women of this age with greater frequency but rather that the perpetrators in these cases were more often brought to trial.

13. Lilly, Taken by Force, p. 144.

14. Pfister, Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, p. 571.

15. Ibid., p. 323.

16. Ibid., pp. 1386–7.

17. Ibid., p. 1130.

18. Ibid., p. 1167.

19. Ibid., p. 1317.

20. See Anthony D. Kauders, Democratisation and the Jews: Munich 1945–1965 (Lincoln, NE 2004).

21. Pfister, Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, p. 626.

22. Ibid., p. 502.

23. Ibid., p. 563.

24. Ibid., p. 489.

25. Ibid., p. 491.

26. Ibid., p. 437.

27. Ibid., p. 556.

28. Ibid., p. 568.

29. Ibid., p. 585.

30. Ibid., p. 328.

31. We have precise figures for victims from the following places: one from Helfendorf, four from Haag an der Amper (including ‘an unblemished girl of sixteen, one married and one single woman’), six in the parish of Litzdorf (four peasant girls, one evacuee and one army helper), three in Tuntenhausen, five to ten in Dorfen, eight in the parish of Ramsau, ten in Schwindkirchen (‘virtuous women and girls’), eight ‘serious cases’ in Taufkirchen an der Vils, one in Trudering, two married women in Hörgersdorf, one 63-year-old woman in Kirchasch, one in Alling, three in Gerlinden bei Maisach, one in Inkofen, one 17-year-old in Ensdorf, one married woman and three girls in Grossholzhausen, one in Mailling, three in Pfarrenhofen am Inn, one near-rape in Böbing (‘a 15-year-old had a narrow escape’), one in Obermarbach, one 7-year-old girl in Scheyern, who was infected with gonorrhoea, one in Frasdorf, two in Zaisering, one in Osterwarngau, one mother of four children in Steingau/Otterfing, one married woman and two girls in Petting, two in Teisendorf, two in Otting, six to eight in Siegsdorf, two in Vachendorf, two in Lohkirchen, one in Niedertaufkirchen, eight in Oberbergkirchen, one in Oberwarngau, six or seven in Ranoldsberg, two in Schönberg, four in Stefanskirchen (including a 69-year-old woman), two in Baierbach, five in Hohenpolding, one in Pauluszell, one in Babensham, one in Fürholzen, one in Langenbach, and three in Lengries.

32. Pfister, Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, p. 1087.

33. Ibid., pp. 1193–4.

34. Ibid., p. 1252.

35. Ibid., p. 1260.

36. Lilly, Taken by Force, p. 163; see also Mary Louise Roberts, What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France (Chicago 2013), pp. 222–4.

37. Pfister, Das Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs, p. 1352.

38. National Archives, Headquarters XX Corps Office of the Provost Marshal, Reply to questions on rape, file no. 70, 5 June 1945: Rape of German Women by American Soldiers (National Archives ID: 6081861).

39. Ibid.

40. Ibid.

41. Lilly, Taken by Force, p. 149.

42. Erika

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