Characterizing Space Plasmas by George K. Parks

Author:George K. Parks
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9783319900414
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

2.No studies have as yet identified the specific criteria for when these nonlinear structures are observed, or a mechanism for their production. Do all shorter temporal variations like DHs evolve to the longer HFAs as they are convected toward the bow shock? Are the longer duration HFA events produced by merging many shorter DHs? How do the upstream nonlinear structures affect the dynamics or the reformation of the bow shock?

3.Upstream nonlinear structures are observed only when the back streaming particles are present but not all back streaming particles produce the nonlinear structures. Cluster results show that the beams and gyrating ions come from the same source. The current sheet interaction model with the bow shock is crucial for the upstream structures. Do the upstream particles play a role in the production of the current sheet? The upstream particles interact with Alfvén waves. For a discussion of nonlinear dynamics of Alfvén waves and ions upstream of the bow shock, see Teresawa (1988) .

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