At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Era, 1882-1943 by Erika Lee

Author:Erika Lee [Lee, Erika]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780807863138
Google: BDqUb8UiCIkC
Published: 2004-01-21T18:36:23+00:00

U.S. authorities first suggested that all ports of entry along the Canadian border be closed to Chinese immigration, but they reluctantly conceded that this drastic measure would interfere with free trade between the two countries. Instead, beginning in 1894, the U.S. Bureau of Immigration began to extend U.S. immigration law and control into Canadian seaports through the so-called Canadian Agreement. The agreement, made between all Canadian steamship and rail companies and the commissioner-general of immigration, allowed U.S. immigration inspectors to enforce U.S. immigration laws on steamships arriving in Canada and on Canadian soil at specifically designated border points. Inspectors were instructed to examine all U.S.-bound Asian and European immigrants arriving in Canada in exactly the “same manner” and with the “same objectives” as they would arrivals at American seaports. Those who passed inspection were issued a certificate of admission and were required to present that document to border officers when entering the United States. Those who failed to do so were returned to Canadian railway companies, who were then required to return the individuals back over the border into Canada.¹⁰⁴

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