Metaphor: A Practical Introduction by Zoltan Kovecses

Author:Zoltan Kovecses [Kovecses, Zoltan]
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 1987-02-19T00:00:00+00:00

4.2. Part-Whole

In section 3, I discuss a number of metonymic relationships characterizing “things.” Things are viewed as wholes with parts. A metaphorical source and target domain may be related in such a way that one is a part and the other is a whole with respect to that part. I look at two such cases next.

4.2.1. Source Is a Subcategory of Target

With some source domains we find that they are subcategories of the target domain. Thus, for example, motion is a subcategory of events. And physical forces are subcategories of causes, in that they produce effects, just like causes in general. Subcategorization is a metonymic relationship because, in it a subcategory stands for the category as a whole. This, then, can be considered as the basis of metaphor. Some metaphors that appear to have this kind of basis include the following:

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