Egypt, Greece, and Rome by Charles Freeman

Author:Charles Freeman [Freeman, Charles]
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: Ancient, Egypt, Science, Earth Sciences, Civilization; Ancient, Mediterranean Region - Civilization, General, Rome, Greece, Civilization; Classical, Mediterranean Region, History
ISBN: 9780199263646
Google: nU1oAAAAMAAJ
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Published: 2004-01-29T00:00:00+00:00

sands of his own precious troops (hence the term Pyrrhic victory). Rome's allies stood firm. Even with mercenaries (and the riches of the Greek cities would have allowed him to recruit many thousands) Pyrrhus realized he could not hope to wear down the Romans. After another check at the battle of Beneventum in 275, Pyrrhus withdrew. Tarentum fell to Rome in 272 and Roman domination of the south of the peninsula was complete. There was now no area below a line between the modern cities of Pisa and Rimini (where a Roman colony, Ariminum, was established in 268) that was free of Roman control, as the city of Falerii found to its cost when it offended Rome in 241. It was crushed in a campaign lasting only six days.

Direct Roman influence over much of this territory was still limited. By 264 perhaps 20 per cent of the land surface of Italy had been made part of the ager Romanus, the directly controlled territory of Rome. In much of this land the local population had been enslaved or killed and it was now open to Roman settlement. Between 20,000 and 30,000 adult males may have been given plots of land to farm. Another 70,000 men and their families may have been involved in settling the nineteen new colonies recorded between 334 and 263 Bc. Several of them controlled land of over 5,000 square kilometres in extent. However, these colonies and settlements lay in between cities and cultures which still retained their own languages and customs. It was to be another two hundred years before Latin became the dominant language of the peninsula. Meanwhile local pride remained strong.

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