Three Dangerous Men: Russia, China, Iran and the Rise of Irregular Warfare by Seth G. Jones
Author:Seth G. Jones [Jones, Seth G.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781324006206
Google: 8HEszgEACAAJ
Amazon: 132400620X
Published: 2021-09-07T00:00:00+00:00
LOCATION OF CONFUCIUS INSTITUTES IN THE UNITED STATES, 202139
Goethe-Institutsâwhich were all funded by their respective governments.40 But unlike the Confucius Institutes, these organizations were not housed at universities and didnât attempt to directly influence foreign education systems from within.41 Over the next decade, a growing number of US colleges and universities closed down institutes on their campuses. By 2021, the number of Confucius Institutes had decreased to sixty-three in cities across the United States.42
The Confucius Institutes were part of a broader effort by China to wage three warfares overseas. Many of these efforts were tied to the activity of Chinaâs overseas United Front Work Department, or UFWD. Overseen by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the UFWD attempted to protect and bolster the image of the Communist Party by monitoring and countering criticism overseasâoften by recruiting or pressuring Chinese diaspora. The Chinese government considered diaspora huaqiao tongbaomen (âoverseas compatriotsâ), who owed a measure of loyalty to the Chinese motherland.43
* * * *
AS FEARS OF Chinese influence spread in Chicago and on campuses around the world, Zhangâs fortunes changed dramatically in the fall of 2012. His childhood friend, Xi Jinping, became general secretary of the Communist Party and then president of the Peopleâs Republic of China, taking over from Hu Jintao.44 With Xi at the helm, Zhangâs career took off. He was promoted to director of the PLA General Armaments Department in 2012 and, most important, selected to Chinaâs prestigious Central Military Commission (CMC).45 Zhangâs position on the CMC gave him direct access to Xi, making him one of Chinaâs most powerful military leaders.
âZhang was now at the top of the top of the military in a government run by civilians,â said China analyst Dennis Blasko. âHe knew his lane and he stayed in it.â46 Ever the faithful politician, Zhang frequently reminded his soldiers that loyalty to the Communist Party came first.47 In a speech a few years earlier, Zhang had urged young PLA soldiers to âlisten to the partyâs command.â The good soldier, he said, âhas the courage to make sacrifices, always put the interests of the people first, and always maintain the political nature of the peopleâs army.â48 Zhang had become one of Chinaâs leading military figures through political adroitness and unrelenting party loyalty. âWhat Xi now needs is not talent, but people who absolutely obey his orders, and Zhang is one of the people in his camp he can rely on,â said a senior PLA colonel.49
Zhangâs promotion to the top of Chinaâs military leadership occurred just as China began to expand its power in Asia. While nominally adhering to a âdefensive defense,â Chinaâs foreign policy under Xi, Zhang, and other Chinese leaders shifted to âpeaceful expansion.â50 As Chinaâs most recent defense white paper had argued in a nod toward the United States: âInternational military competition remains fierce. Major powers [such as the United States] are stepping up the realignment of their security and military strategies, accelerating military reform, and vigorously developing new and more sophisticated military technologies,â such as space and cyber capabilities.
Download
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.
Anthropology | Archaeology |
Philosophy | Politics & Government |
Social Sciences | Sociology |
Women's Studies |
The Secret History by Donna Tartt(16548)
The Social Justice Warrior Handbook by Lisa De Pasquale(11478)
Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher(7758)
This Is How You Lose Her by Junot Diaz(5714)
Weapons of Math Destruction by Cathy O'Neil(5015)
Zero to One by Peter Thiel(4797)
The Myth of the Strong Leader by Archie Brown(4774)
Promise Me, Dad by Joe Biden(4426)
Stone's Rules by Roger Stone(4401)
How Democracies Die by Steven Levitsky & Daniel Ziblatt(4375)
Beartown by Fredrik Backman(4372)
The Fire Next Time by James Baldwin(4322)
100 Deadly Skills by Clint Emerson(4055)
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership by James Comey(4010)
Rise and Kill First by Ronen Bergman(3987)
The Farm by Tom Rob Smith(3859)
The David Icke Guide to the Global Conspiracy (and how to end it) by David Icke(3859)
Secrecy World by Jake Bernstein(3764)
The Doomsday Machine by Daniel Ellsberg(3709)