The Geography of Underdevelopment by Forbes Dean;

Author:Forbes, Dean; [Forbes, D. K.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Published: 2022-08-15T00:00:00+00:00

Conclusion

The purpose of this part of the book has been to summarise the growing critique of dependency and world systems theory, to discuss and criticise briefly the approach of those studies which concentrate on the articulation of modes of production, and to propose a synthesis of aspects of these approaches along with an equally important emphasis on social reproduction and class relations. It should be recognised that we are dealing with an exceedingly complex process upon which a relatively simple set of tools (for example, class analysis) can have little impact. Hence, we need to look at a series of interrelated processes—imperialism, articulation, historical development, social reproduction and class formation—simultaneously. At the same time we must be aware that they represent different levels of analysis and that the theoretically defined relationships between the structured abstractions—imperialism and articulation—and the concrete class processes and struggles are far from understood.

The following three chapters specify some of the theoretical issues which geographers are currently confronting in trying to build a geography of underdevelopment upon principles derived from political economy and contemporary social theory. It is tackled by an examination of different approaches to three aspects of the urbanisation process in the Third World—regional uneven development, rural-urban migration and circulation, and urban informal labour markets and urban class formation. Implicit in the argument is the need to restore balance to underdevelopment research by shifting it away from political economy and towards the complex array of social processes within which underdevelopment is embedded. This is surely the purpose of class analysis, to better grasp the way in which humans, individually and collectively, manage their own lives in conditions not of their own making.

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