The Engineering Design of Systems: Models and Methods (Wiley Series in Systems Engineering and Management) by Dennis M. Buede & William D. Miller

Author:Dennis M. Buede & William D. Miller [Buede, Dennis M.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781119027904
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2016-02-05T05:00:00+00:00

Some examples of each of these should help make the points emphasized by Fricke and Schulz. An all terrain automobile such as a jeep might be an example of a robust vehicle; it can travel reasonably well on many different surfaces. If this all terrain vehicle can also have a cloth top that can be removed and stored, this adds to its robustness. A flexible system is one that can interface easily with many other types of systems, each of which might be changing. For example, laptop computers with many USB ports in the 2007 time frame can interact with nearly all printers, projectors, and control devices. The peripherals or other systems that can plug into the USB ports still have to be changed as the environment changes, but the core computer does not need to change for these reasons. Flexibility is important for future upgrades. An agile system is designed to be changed rapidly. Here a racecar comes to mind. Racecars have to be modified dramatically to run well on different racetracks from one week to the next. A great deal of money is spent on the design to facilitate these rapid changes. Adaptable man-made systems are being designed but with some limitations. Microsoft has designed its operating and office products to learn and adapt to different users so as to facilitate the performance of these different users. While this has been the goal at Microsoft, many feel (including this author) that their efforts are far from successful.

Fricke and Schulz [2005] describe three basic design principles that support all four types of design for changeability and six extending design principles, each of which supports a subset of the types of design for changeability. The three basic principles are ideality/simplicity, independence, and modularity/encapsulation. The six extending principles are integrability, autonomy, scalability, nonhierarchical integration, decentralization, and redundancy. Aspects of decentralization were discussed above. This next section addresses redundancy for fault tolerance, a form of adaptability.

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