The Emergence Paradigm in Quality Management by Teun Hardjono & Everard van Kemenade

Author:Teun Hardjono & Everard van Kemenade
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030580964
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

6.1.3 Representatives

John Locke, philosopher (1632–1704) makes a distinction between aspects that are of primary quality of an object and other aspects that are of secondary quality. Primary quality aspects are things such as hardness, dimensions, shape, motion or rest, and number. These features exist irrespective of whether someone recognizes them or not. The Empirical Paradigm focuses on this primary quality.

Walter Shewart is an important if not the most important founder of quality science (see frame). He not only provided a scientific base to quality science; he also introduced the use of statistics. Deming and Juran should definitely be mentioned as his students. Shewhart (1939) discussed quality management as a process in three steps: specification, production, and inspection. Juran: “Without a standard there is no logical basis for making a decision or taking action”.

Shewart introduced the control card as the true spiritual father of the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle, even if it is known as the Deming cycle. Shewart’s view of science is part of the positivistic tradition and serves as an example for the Empirical Paradigm.

In his 1931 publication Economic Control of Quality of Manufacturing Product Dr. Walter A. Shewhart (1891-1967) introduced statistical methods to check and improve the quality of goods and services. Thanks to his efforts, quality care received a scientific base. Shewart determined that in industrial processes there are always deviations or variations of the set norm. This happens since there are differences in the quality of raw materials, as well as in the know-how and skills of employees. The application of statistical tools makes it possible to monitor and control the production process. Shewart pictured the trends of the production process on process control charts (control diagrams). He made a distinction between accidental deviations that are within the predetermined margins and the systematic deviations exceeding these margins. As long as the deviations in the production process are within the permissible margins or tolerances there are no problems. Defining the production values in a control diagram reveals the undesired variations and thereby the quality problems. Shewart also asserted that when the production process is under control, future production processes may be predicted within certain limits. The control diagrams have three objectives: defining the norms for the production process, revealing deviations (as well as quality problems) and investigating whether all norms are met. Although Shewart never gained the same notoriety as other gurus, he clearly influenced the work of Wiliam Edwards Deming. (Emmerik, 2012).

In Wilber’s four quadrants the paradigm fits the quadrant of internal/individual, the object is “It”. “It is about behavior that is visible, measurable. It is about science, nature, truth.” The Cynefin© window related to this assumes the following order: sense–categorize–respond fitting the typification simple/known/obvious, with the warning that in practice the transfer to the chaotic principle is almost impossible to make. In terms of the four-phase model, this “reversal” to an earlier orientation (from an orientation toward efficiency to an orientation toward effectiveness) is possible but often coincides with a loss of capabilities on all fronts. The four-phase model predicts with any “reversal” a loss of capabilities.

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.